ASAP IT Technology Blog

Computers depend on hard disk drives (HDDs) to permanently store critical data. They serve as storage devices that save digital information that can be retrieved for future reference. HDDs are considered non-volatile since they retain data even when they are not connected to a power source, keeping stored information safe and intact.

Data is stored or retrieved in a random-access manner, rather than in a sequential access. This means that blocks of data can be accessed at any point without going through other data blocks. HDDs can be grouped into five types, those of which include parallel advanced technology attachments (PATAs), serial ATA (SATA) storage drives, small computer system interface (SCSI) drives, solid state drives (SSDs), and NVMe drives.
 
Parallel Advanced Technology Attachments
 
Serving as the first types of hard disk drives, they made use of the Parallel ATA interface standard to connect to computers. Often referred to as Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) and Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (EIDE) drives, they were first introduced by Western Digital and Compaq in 1986. At the time, they provided a common drive interface technology for connecting hard drives and other related devices to computers.
 
Their data transfer rate is up to 133MB/s, and a maximum of 2 devices can be connected to a single drive channel. As most motherboards are equipped with two channels, four EIDE devices can be connected internally. They utilize 40 or 80 wire ribbon cables to transfer numerous bits of data simultaneously in parallel. Furthermore, these drives have the ability to store data via magnetism.
 
Serial ATA Storage Drives
 
These storage devices quickly replaced PATA drives in desktop and laptop computers, with the main difference between the two being the interface. In 2000, SATA surfaced as an alternative to the earlier PATA interface. Not only do they have a reduced cable size and cost, they offer native hot swapping, faster data transfer via higher signaling rates, and more efficient transfer through an I/O queuing protocol. Nonetheless, their method of connecting to a computer is the same.
 
Small Computer System Interface Drives
 
Similar to IDE hard drives with the exception that they utilize a Small Computer System Interface to connect to a computer, SCSI is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices. These standards outline commands & protocols for electrical, optical, and logical interfaces. In addition, SCSI drives can be connected internally or externally. Keep in mind that devices connected in a SCSI must be terminated at the end. Some of the advantages of SCSI drives include their high transfer speed, reliability, as well as their wide range of salability and flexibility.
 
Solid State Drives
 
This type of hard disk drive is the latest in drive technology as it does not consist of any moving parts like its counterparts. They also do not store data using magnetism; rather, they use flash memory technology. That being said, they utilize integrated circuits or semiconductor devices to store information permanently. SSDs offer many advantages, some of which include faster data access, increased durability, and less power usage.
 
NVMe Drives
 
Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) is a storage interface that ensures data is not lost even when a computer reboots or loses power. The term “Express” refers to the fact that that data travels over the PCI Express (PCIe) interface located on a computer’s motherboard, providing a more direct connection as a result. More than that, they utilize 4 PCIe lanes, offering a max speed of 3.9 Gbps (3,940 Mbps).
 
Conclusion
 
ASAP IT Technology is a premier distributor of hard disk drives, external hard drives, and storage components, all of which can be found in our easy to navigate database. Our inventory consists of high quality HDDs from top manufacturers like Axiom Memory Solutions, Citrix Systems, HP, Nutanix, Cisco Memory, and other leading entities. Kickoff the procurement process with a competitive quote and see how ASAP IT Technology can fulfill your operational requirements.

NAND flash is a type of non-volatile storage technology that does not necessitate power to retain data. For example, a mobile phone has NAND flash, though it is often called a memory chip, whereas data files like photos, videos, and music are stored on a microSD card. In this blog, we will provide a brief overview of these small-scale devices that can store immense amounts of information, allowing you to better understand the magnitude of their capabilities. 
 
NAND flash can be found in countless applications including modern smartphones, televisions, computers, and tablets. Other uses include traffic lights, digital advertising panels, and passenger announcement systems and displays. As such, they are available in different grades, those being industrial and consumer variations. It is important to note that there are many differences between an industrial- and consumer-grade NAND, each varying in reliability, endurance, compliance, and total cost of ownership (TCO).
 
For devices equipped with NAND flash, these components offer mechanical shock resistance, increased durability, and can handle high pressures and temperatures. Unlike a hard disk drive, NAND flash does not have any moving parts, making them a suitable option for systems that vibrate and shake. Furthermore, NAND flash also offers fast read access times which is critical when processing a lot of data.
 
Data that is stored on NAND flash is represented by electrical charges that are deposited in each NAND cell. There are two cell types, those of which are Single-Level Cell (SLC) and Multi-Level Cell (MLC) NANDs. The major difference between each level is how many bits each NAND cell can store at one time. While a SLC NAND can only store 1 bit of data per cell, a 2-bit MLC NAND has the ability to store 2 bits of data per cell. 
 
There is also a 3-bit MLC NAND that stores 3 bits of data per cell, and it is often referred to as either a Triple-Level Cell (TLC) or a Quadruple-Level Cell (QLC). It is important to note that the fewer bits per cell, the smaller the capacity of the NAND. However, data can be written and retrieved faster, and the NAND chip exhibits a higher endurance level. That being said, a SLC NAND is fastest and has the highest endurance, but has lower capacities, ranging up to 64GB.

Though each cell level offers varying advantages, NAND flash has a number of limitations. First, NAND has a limited number of read/write cycles in a specific block. Once a device reaches the user, its first day of operations offers optimal performance. In fact, NAND failure is inevitable once the program erase cycle limit is reached. Another limitation of NAND flash is that individual cells fail and overall performance diminishes over time.

As wear-out is common in many electrical components, NAND flash is no exception. When the NAND fails, the device is rendered useless, resulting in the loss of data and a reduction in application functionality. The best way to ensure NAND flash is working optimally is to understand your data usage and the limitations of your specific type of NAND. Doing so can protect your data and applications. 
 
If you find yourself in need of NAND flash, flash memory devices, EEPROM, or other storage components, look no further than ASAP IT Technology. ASAP IT Technology stocks top memory storage components by leading entities like Intel, Samsung, Fujitsu Siemens, Micron Technology, Sandisk, and more. Initiate the procurement process with a competitive quote and see how ASAP IT Technology can serve as your strategic sourcing partner. For additional questions, call or email us at any time; we are available 24/7x365!

When managing and operating numerous electrical devices and systems, one will also have to deal with a plethora of cables, connectors, and other electrical components that keep them functioning. Due to the importance of cables in terms of power and signal transfer, they should be handled with care to promote an ease of maintenance, identification, and safety. Without proper cable management, cables can quickly become tangled and unplugged, and damage can occur depending on the severity of the issue. As such, one should familiarize themselves with proper cable management, and the various products that promote it.
 
One of the most simplistic ways to enhance cable management in a cabinet or installation is to utilize labeling. Labeling can be done through color coding or written tags, and such systems may be used to group related cable types, voltage levels, or more. For grouping, cable ties, lacing, rubber bands, or other such products may be used, or cables may be run through cable guides or can be affixed to walls. As some cables may be constrained in their ability to fit into a cabinet or installation, implementing labeling early can reduce the amount of stress you may later have if you need to increase the amount of cables in the assembly.
 
Many cables are sensitive to mechanical strain, that of which can cause them to break down and lose performance or functionality. To prevent such issues, cable strain relief components should be implemented for cables, wires, conduits, and hoses. Strain reliefs are often plastic or metal, and they clamp onto lines so that the amount of stress induced as a result of bends is minimized. Cable ties can also reduce mechanical stress as well, and they serve as a cost-effective solution for large bundles of cabling. When electrical lines are terminated at a socket or port, strain relief is generally a requirement so that the connector is not unplugged or ripped out by accident. Depending on the application, the required strain relief component may differ in its type and placement.
 
While a majority of cable management is executed in a cabinet or within a system, there are still many benefits to managing the cables that must go across open spaces. For instance, business offices and furniture are often designed with cable management in mind, some desks featuring holes for cables to be run through to reduce the amount of visible wiring. Additionally, dropped ceilings and raised floors also allow for cables to be efficiently routed as required in a space, all while enabling an ease of maintenance. With proper routing and organization, systems and devices can be connected as needed, all while reducing tripping hazards, disorganization, and more.
 
Once you have established the type of cables you will need to manage, the amount of bundles you have, and the space you require, it will then be time to begin procuring the various management parts you need. With cable harnesses, cable locks, cable entry systems, cable trays, cable glands, and cable grommets all serving as common options, the choice should depend on the amount of organization you desire and the types of cables present in an assembly. At ASAP IT Technology, we serve as a one-stop shop for all cable management hardware that you need, offering a plethora of products with competitive pricing and rapid lead times.
 
ASAP IT Hardware is a leading distributor of electronic components and cable management solutions, offering products from the likes of C2G, Emerson Network Power, Steren Electronics, American Power Conversion Corp, and Star Micronics. With AS9120B, ISO 9001:2015, and FAA AC 00-56B accreditation, alongside a strict NO CHINA SOURCING pledge, we stand by the quality and caliber of our offerings. If you find particular items on our website that you are interested in, first begin with a quote for your comparisons which you may receive through the submission of an RFQ form as provided on our website. Once we receive a completed form, a dedicated account manager will reach out to you in 15 minutes or less to continue the process.

If you have ever used a microphone to give a presentation, it was likely linked with a speaker or some other amplification device. Many assume that this setup is the only way in which a microphone can function. However, microphones can operate independently of any loudspeaker or such devices. In this blog, we will discuss the mechanism by which microphones can transmit data without an external playback system.
 
At the most basic level, a microphone is a device that is able to convert sound waves into electrical signals using a vocal diaphragm and transducer. Individual microphones will vary in design past the level of the diaphragm, with some containing additional transistors and transformers. In addition, depending on a particular component's need for power, a microphone can be labeled as either passive or active.
 
Similarly, loudspeakers and other output devices can function independently of a microphone. These devices convert electrical signals into sound waves which travel through the air and eventually enter a consumer's ear. With both descriptions laid out, one may notice that speakers have an inverse function to a microphone.
 
When these two devices are used together, as is usually the case, the microphone is linked to the output device by a cable or wireless transmitter. As the signal propagates through the line, it is amplified by the output device to increase its intensity. Between the input and output devices, several additional components can be added to further modulate the signal and are thus explained:

 
1. Microphone Preamp: This device is used to boost the low output from the microphone into a signal that is compatible with the external amplification equipment. Higher-end preamps perform additional functions such as lessening distortion and increasing gain.

2. Analog-To-Digital Converter: Since microphones naturally produce an analog output, analog-to-digital converters must be equipped to change the signal to digital.

3. Digital Mixing Console: These consoles are commonly employed in professional settings to combine, equalize, and modulate other characteristics of multiple sound channels before the signals move on. These robust tools can be used to modify real-time or recorded inputs.

4. Power Amplifiers: The last step before the microphone input reaches the loudspeaker is the power amplifier. These devices increase the magnitude of the input signal to be above the needed output threshold. Power amplifiers must convert input signals into a variety of different outputs. For example, the required signal power for devices such as headphones is in the milliwatts, whereas home theater systems may require up to several kilowatts of power to properly function.

Wireless microphones work using similar principles, but without the need for certain intermediate components. In these audio systems, the electrical signal from the microphone passes through the transmitter and is converted to a radio or infrared light wave. These waves travel through the air before being picked up by a receiver on the output device. Typically, wireless microphones and receivers are sold as a package because most are not interchangeable.
 
As you can see, both microphones and output devices can function independently of each other. If you are in the market for high-quality audio recording equipment or other electronic components, look no further than ASAP IT Technology. As a leading distributor of aviation, NSN, and IT hardware, we offer customers direct access to an inventory of over 2 billion ready-to-purchase components. Additionally, we leverage our market expertise and global supply chain to bring customers competitive pricing and rapid lead times. If you are facing a time constraint and need your parts quickly, you can depend upon our robust network of distribution centers which enables us to offer expedited shipping on all orders. Submit an RFQ through our website today to learn how ASAP IT Technology can serve as your strategic sourcing partner.

In computer graphics, there are several strategies that inventors use to increase resolution and accurate color while saving storage. While modern computers use high graphics cards capable of storing up to 32 GB of memory, an older and less appreciated approach to computer graphics is the planar method. This blog will discuss what planar graphics are, its pitfalls, and the current applications for this system.
 
Planar graphics operate by using several bitmaps of RAM to arrange pixel data. In this system, every bit is associated with one exact pixel. The distinguishing factor which sets planar graphics apart from other forms of organization, such as chunky, is that the data for an individual pixel is spread out across various bitmaps that make up the display.

Prior to higher-performing graphics cards, older memory chips could not supply enough data to display an image from a large bitmap onto a monitor. Planar graphics systems worked around this by storing the data in various planes, which could be stored by different memory chips.  With the data being split up between multiple chips, it could be read at a slower rate, allowing for an appropriate image to be displayed. While modern graphics systems and chunky displays store color values for each pixel contiguously, such as an RGB or BGR display, planar formats store each color component in a different plane. This was a critical difference in the 1980s and '90s because if the monitor only needed to display eight colors, a chunky display would assign eight bits to each pixel versus the three from a planar display.
 
The apparent advantage of a planar graphics system is the ability to save a significant amount of RAM. For example, on a 640x480 screen with 32 colors, a planar arrangement would only need 192,000 bytes versus the 307,200 bytes that would have otherwise been required. Additionally, planar graphics were also beneficial in allowing older programs to still run even after a system upgrade. For example, if a monitor was upgraded from a 16 to 32-color display, a planar arrangement would still allow 16-color games or programs to run. These programs worked because the software on planar-based systems could specify how many planes it wanted to use and completely disregard unneeded colors.
 
There are several technical disadvantages to planar graphics, which is one of the reasons they are rarely used today. The most significant drawback is that scrolling and other kinetic animations require more RAM address cycles to display correctly. On planar graphics systems, the display would flicker as text scrolled by or would temporarily change color. As the performance of graphics cards exponentially increased through the 2000s, and the number of colors used in displays increased eight-fold, planar graphics became nearly obsolete. Many of the planar graphics systems sold today are legacy pieces and are very rare. Examples of specific models include the Lenovo 02DC327, Planar SD2020, and Dell 1909Wb. The Commodore Amiga and NES, famous for their revolutionary color video games, were the first to popularize a planar graphics system.
 
If you are in search of premium graphics cards, monitors, or any other electronic components, look no further than ASAP IT Hardware. Take the time to explore our vast inventory, and know that our team of industry experts is readily on standby to provide you with a personalized quote or answer any questions. We are owned and operated by ASAP Semiconductor and proudly operate with AS9120B, ISO 9001:2015, and FAA AC 00-56B certification and accreditation. As such, we maintain a quality control program that exceeds industry standards to ensure you receive the highest quality components. At ASAP IT Hardware, we aim to be more than a trusted distributor; we strive to be your strategic sourcing partner.