ASAP IT Technology Blog

The terms firmware and hardware are both widely used in the tech world today, so having basic knowledge of each category of technology will greatly improve your ability to understand the applications of each in modern devices. In this blog, we will cover the need-to-know defining qualities of both firmware and hardware, and the circumstances in which each is used.
 
First, hardware comprises all of the mechanical units that are integrated within a device which must be programmed to function properly. Hardware such as processors, motherboards, memory drives, flash drives, disks, sound cards, and input/output devices on a computer or electronic gadgets all require external operation. To work properly, one must develop an appropriate program. Programming should be understood as an arrangement of guidelines which the workstation follows in order to play out its operations. Countless devices in our daily life rely on hardware that has been programmed for specific functions. One common example of hardware we use on a day-to-day basis is MS-Word, or Microsoft Word, that of which is a program used to deal with words, and its capacity depends on an arrangement of guidelines that determine the best way to process electronically typed words. The program operates on a form of hardware like a computer, and the working system summons diverse projects to perform particular undertakings. All projects carried out by this hardware are coded in programming languages like C or Java.
 
Meanwhile, firmware is a specific type of programming used to operate hardware. In particular, firmware is responsible for picking up any task by the numerous processors of a device, and this programming is joined into a ROM (Read Only Memory). As a bundle of programmed functions, firmware can be understood as a code that works specifically for a certain hardware. Often, firmware typically only works on binary coding. Examples of firmware include BIOS in an IBM-Compatible PC, timing and control mechanisms in washing machines, and sound and video controlling attributes in modern televisions.
 
In summary, hardware are physical components of technology, while firmware are specific sets of programs used to instruct hardware on how to function. Unlike firmware, hardware can undergo physical damage, so it is important to maintain such products with proper care like keeping them dry and free from contaminants. Hardware relies on programs to run, and it can be reprogrammed to operate differently according to the user’s desires. Meanwhile, firmware is one type of programming that can be used for your hardware, but it rarely requires reprogramming, and often functions to only code for one specific set of directions indefinitely. 
 
Understanding technology can be confusing, as there are constant advances being made in the field, and not all inventions are physical; however, gaining basic knowledge on some of the most widely used forms of technology makes understanding complex devices exponentially easier. By learning the defining characteristics of hardware and firmware, one can better grasp the roles each plays in powering our daily devices. When you are in the market for reliable parts for industrial technology, look no further than ASAP IT Technology!
 
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If you are unfamiliar with the construction of computers and the various types of hardware they rely on to function, it can be somewhat difficult to effectively shop for parts needed for assembly, replacement, or upgrades. Two types of computer hardware that may get mixed up is RAM and ROM, due to their similar acronyms and roles. While both devices are used for memory storage, their capabilities differ, making it necessary to have a clear understanding of their differences. In this blog, we will discuss RAM modules and ROM modules in more detail, ensuring that you choose the correct type for your individual needs.
 
RAM, or Random Access Memory, is a type of memory device that is able to temporarily store information and code that is under execution, not to be confused with secondary storage devices like Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) that permanently store programs, documents, and other forms of data. As a form of volatile device, RAM can only hold memory for as long as it is receiving power. Modern computers generally use one of two types of RAM, those of which include dynamic RAM (DRAM) and static RAM (SRAM). SRAM is the more powerful option, executing reading and writing with increased speed and less power than DRAM, allowing it to act as cache memory. DRAM, meanwhile, is cheaper to produce despite still boasting rapid speeds, making it more widely used in various computer systems. Both forms of RAM are volatile and act as the main memory of a computer.
 
ROM, or Read-Only Memory, meaning that it is used to store data that will not require frequent modification. Generally, the data on this device is installed after manufacturing and is often unchangeable. If one wants to erase the data on their ROM device, they can take advantage of what is known as erasable programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, or EPROM and EEPROM respectively. ROM modules are most commonly used for the start-up process of a computer, storing the data that is needed to run initial programs for booting. Other devices such as graphics cards, CD drives, and more may also utilize ROM for their functions. Unlike RAM, ROM is a permanent medium of storage that is non-volatile, meaning that it will retain its data without being provided power.
 
As ROM and RAM serve different purposes, they feature different speeds and capabilities. RAM is much quicker than ROM, allowing it to run programs and switch between tasks in a rapid fashion. RAM can also write data much quicker, allowing it to be used for normal operations. Despite this, ROM is used for the startup process of the computer, meaning that it does not require the power of RAM for it to be effective. As a result, the two should not be compared against one another, but knowing their differences can help you purchase the right part for your needs.
 
When you are in search of top-quality computer hardware that you can steadily depend on, look no further than ASAP IT Technology. Owned and operated by ASAP Semiconductor, we conduct business with AS9120B, ISO 9001:2015, and FAA AC 00-56B accreditation. Take the time to explore our expansive set of offerings as you see fit, and our team is always ready to assist you with competitive quotes and rapid lead times on items of interest. To receive a quote, fill out and submit an RFQ form as provided on our website at your earliest convenience, and a team member of ours will personally reach out to you with a customized solution based on your needs in just 15 minutes or less. See why customers continuously rely on ASAP IT Technology today when you kick-start procurement.

Smart card readers have witnessed a surge in prevalence due to the corresponding spike in smart card usage shortly after the COVID-19 pandemic began. Contactless tap-and-pay cards were introduced in the pandemic's aftermath as viable alternatives to data processing in the healthcare, BFSI, and transportation sectors. Smart card readers go by various names such as card terminals, card acceptance devices (CAD), smart card programmers, and interface devices. Smart card readers that support ISO 15693, ISO 14443, and ISO 7816-3 protocols can be categorized under contact, contactless, and interface types. They ensure secure and streamlined communication between cards and their related network services. Thus, to better understand the growing applications of smart card readers, this blog will shed light on the usage of USB connections in particular as a subcategory of smart card readers.

A smart card is available in plastic or metal, shaped similar to a driver's license, and contains an integrated chip to serve as a security token. They can be read by contact (aka the chip-and-dip method) or near-field communication methods, such as radio-frequency identification (RFID), and others. The embedded integrated chip (ICC) within smart cards can store vast amounts of data, along with other on-card processing functions such as encryption, authentication, and manipulation of stored data. In addition, smart cards are available in many tamper-resistant modules such as fobs, plastic cards, subscriber index modules (SIMs), etc.

Robert Moreno patented the first memory card in 1974, and in 1977, SGS Thomson, Bull CP8, and Schlumberger started manufacturing smart cards on a commercial scale. Today, the smart card market is worth nearly 13.9 billion USD, with 50 billion smart cards in active circulation, according to a research report by MarketsAndMarkets. The report also predicts the industry's growth to a projected estimate of16.9 billion USD at a CAGR of 4% by 2026. In light of impressive growth forecasts, the smart card industry is categorized under geography (Latin America, Europe, North America, the Middle East & Africa, and the Asia Pacific) and end-user verticals (government, IT & telecommunications, BFSI, and transportation). Due to their increasing reliance on blockchain and other newly-emerging modes of information technology, Asia Pacific countries are expected to drive the growing demand for smart cards in the next decade. Some key smart card manufacturers are expected to be CPI Card Group, HID Global Corporation, Thales Group, and IDEMIA.

In the 1990s, USB connections were an improvement over earlier modes of data transfer in computers, removing the need for additional cables and screws. In addition, USB connections simplified peripheral connections to computers. USB smart card readers fall under "interface" type readers, and they work like a scanner for transferring electronically stored data from a smart card into a computer via a USB connection. Most USB smart card readers available today are easy to install and are compatible with several computer operating systems.
 
USB smart card connections are highly secure, versatile, and economical. Some USB smart card readers use a two-way authentication pathway for high-speed data transmission through biometric data recognition. Typical applications of such smart card readers include security authentication, digital signatures, and ISO/IEC 7816 applications such as cryptographic storage of contact information. Other applications also include e-banking, e-payments, and e-government services.

The Chip Card Interface Device (CCID) protocol is a standard USB protocol that enables the connection of a smart card to a computer using a USB interface. CCID protocols remove the requirement for individual smart card manufacturers to establish their respective protocols for the USB interface. Thus, CCID-enabled USB smart cards can be used for data encryption and security authentication across a variety of USB smart card readers. CCID devices are available in various forms, such as a standard USB dongle containing an SD or SIM card or a PC USB keyboard with a slot for additional SD cards. Some popular features of CCID-USB devices include their compatibility with both RTOS and non-RTOS-based systems, as well as HCC USB host controllers and pcsc-lite API functions.
 
When a CCID is connected to its host via a USB interface, it communicates with the host using CCID-specific messages. Such messages are composed of a 10-byte header and message-specific data. Meanwhile, the host may or may not have an ICC inserted, whereas the CCID is designed to assume that the host device is possibly ICC compatible. Therefore, a "slot change" interrupt message appears on one’s display screen when the ICC fails to connect with the host.

If you are looking for a USB smart card reader for your unique needs, then ASAP IT Technology is here to assist you in your pursuit. We are a proud member of the ASAP Semiconductor family of websites, and we bolster an online database of over 2 billion products where entities can easily streamline IT electronic parts, aerospace and defense components, and more. Moreover, our dedicated customer service team and Instant RFQ service ensure that you always experience a smooth buying experience with us. Submit your RFQ today, and a market representative will respond to your quote within 15 minutes or less, 24/7x365.

When it comes to computer memory, customers are often inundated with several options, such as RAM, ROM, PROM, and others. This often sparks confusion as to which is the best for their personal application. One such source of confusion is the difference between RAM and VRAM, which are often erroneously used interchangeably. Some customers may wonder which of the two is optimal, but they are necessarily different and should be approached with nuance. In this blog, we will discuss the differences between these two modalities, while also discussing implementation for end users.
 
RAM is a necessary form of memory storage found on every computing device. An acronym for random-access memory, RAM is a functional memory store that helps the computer perform tasks quickly. RAM is much faster than a computer hard drive, so when the user begins using a program, data is loaded from the hard drive to the RAM, allowing for rapid integration. However, this storage form is temporary, and after the active portion of the task is completed, information must be restored to the device's hard drive for long-term access. Since RAM is erased when the computer is off, a sudden loss of power may cause certain files to be lost.
 
Video Random Access Memory, or VRAM, helps the CPU and display optimally render images. While most image rendering may be completed without the aid of VRAM, visually-intensive programs such as those found in gaming, modeling, and microscopy, rely upon this buffering component heavily. VRAM is homologous to RAM, but its associated device is the GPU instead of the CPU. Storing pixels and graphics data in bitmaps for rapid use, VRAM is necessary to rapidly produce robust images. While other computer components may be readily upgraded with ease, VRAM cannot be individually removed; therefore, the user must replace the GPU as a whole to increase its performance.
 
Of the several differences between RAM and VRAM, the biggest comes from the type of information that they store. While RAM is general and may be used to facilitate the processing of any type of computer program, VRAM is specialized to aid in function with the GPU. Another distinction is the ability for each memory type to be upgraded. While RAM may be directly upgraded to a maximum amount, VRAM cannot. Additionally, VRAM exists in close physical proximity to its processor to better aid in its function, whereas RAM may be more widespread and less localized.
 
As you can tell, it is hard to compare these two memory modalities because they are very different in their function. While VRAM may seem like an enticing product to upgrade along with a GPU, the day-to-day tasks performed on a computer are still more affected by the amount of RAM present. If you are working with graphically-dense applications, such as those previously listed, it is crucial to check the minimum VRAM recommendations to ensure optimal performance. If you are in the market for RAM, GPU upgrades, or any other computing elements, there is no better alternative to ASAP IT Technology.
 
As a leading distributor of IT Hardware, we carry millions of ready-to-purchase items for a multitude of architectures and applications. Whether you are searching for a new, obsolete, or hard-to-find product, our team members can help you find it and provide you with a quick competitive quote. To begin, simply fill out an Instant RFQ form as found on any product page and hit submit. After receiving your request, our account managers will immediately begin working on crafting a customized solution, and will return it within 15 minutes or less. After experiencing the ASAP difference, you will never look back.